Peshwas of the Maratha Empire

The word Peshwa is from Persian, meaning "foremost, leader". A Peshwa (Marathi: पेशवे / "Peshwe" / "Peshve") is the titular equivalent of a modern Prime Minister. Maratha ruler Shivaji created the Peshwa designation in order to more effectively delegate administrative duties during the growth of the Maratha Empire. 

Here is the list of Appointed and Hereditary Peshwas -

Sr.	Name	Particulars	Reign Began C.E.	Reign Ended C.E.
1	Balaji Vishwanath	Assisted the Syed Brothers in deposing the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1719	17 November 1713	12 April 1720
2	Baji Rao I	Helped conquer Central India (Malwa) and Rajputana and extended his dominions into Gujarat in the northwest and Deccan in the south. Raided Mughal Delhi in 1738. He was the most powerful Peshwa. Here are few noted quotes about Baji Rao First -  "He died as he lived, in camp under canvas among his men, and he is remembered to this day among the Marathas as the fighting Peshwa and the incarnation of Hindu energy.” — Sir Richard Carnac Temple, Shivaji and the Rise of the Mahrattas “Bajirao was a heaven born cavalry leader. In the long and distinguished galaxy of Peshwas, Bajirao was unequalled for the daring and originality of his genius and the volume and value of his achievements.” — Sir Jadunath Sarkar, foreword in V.G. Dighe's, Peshwa Bajirao I and Maratha Expansion	12 April 1720	28 April 1740
3	Balaji Bajirao	Managed to extend the Maratha territories into most of North-West, East and Central India. Lost the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761	28 April 1740	23 June 1761
4	Madhav-Rao I	Fraught with internal dissensions and successful Wars with the Nizam	23 June 1761	18 November 1772
5	Narayan-Rao	Assassinated by Gardi guards	18 November 1772	30 August 1773
6	Raghunath-Rao	Responsible for extending empire till Peshawar in North-West and also saw the decline of Maratha power in North India. Deposed by Nana Phadnis & 11 other administrators in what is now called "The Baarbhai Conspiracy"	1773	1774
7	Madhav-Rao II	Dominated by the political intrigues of Nana Phadnis. Saw the resurgence of Maratha power in North India.	1774	27 October 1795
8	Baji Rao II	1st Reign - Was defeated by Yashwantrao Holkar, ruler of Indore, at the Battle of Poona. Fled to British protection, and in December 1802, concluded the Treaty of Bassein with the British East India Company, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force and agreeing to treaty with no other power. This provoked the Second Anglo-Maratha War that began the breakup of the Maratha confederacy.	1796	1802
9		2nd Reign - During his second reign began the Third Anglo-Maratha War. After the defeat at the Battle of Koregaon in January 1818, he was on the run from the British. Eventually, the British took over his dominion and made the Maratha King Pratap Singh of Satara declare in favour of the British and this ended the Peshwa's legal position as head of the Maratha confederacy. On 3 June 1818, Baji Rao surrendered to the British; he was banished to Bithur near Kanpur.	1803	1818
10	Nana Sahib	He was a leader during the Indian Uprising of 1857. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II, he sought to restore the Maratha confederacy and the Peshwa tradition.	1851	1857