Iranian Political System

By Bharat Choudhary -
The political system of Iran is quite a complex one and combines elements of a modern Islamic ideology with democracy. The entire system functions under a Supreme Leader who is appointed by the Assembly of Experts and is the chief of state while the President is Head of Government. Here is an overview of the structure of the political system of Iran -

  

Supreme Leader

The Supreme Leader holds the highest position in the political power structure of Iran who is in charge of defining and supervising the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Presently the Supreme Leader is Ayatollah Ali Khamenei whose major responsibilities include-
  1. Appointment of the head of the judiciary
  2. Appointment of the clergy members on the Council of Guardians
  3. Appointment of the commanders of all the armed forces
  4. Appointment of the Friday prayer leaders and the head of radio and TV
The Supreme Leader is also responsible for confirming the President's election. 

The Executive

According to the Constitution of Iran, the President is the Head of the Government who hold the powers of the Executive after the Supreme Leader. The President is elected for a term of 4 years by universal suffrage. The responsibilities of the President includes-

  1. Implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except matter relating to Supreme Leader.
  2. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers
  3. Coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature
The executive branch also includes a cabinet comprising of a council of ministers selected by the President with the approval of the Legislature.
The Executive branch of the Government of Iran also comprises of three oversight bodies namely -
  1. Assembly of Experts
  2. Expediency Council or the Council for the Discernment of Expediency
  3. Council of Guardians
The Legislature

The present legislative branch of Iran comprises of the unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly. Prior to the Islamic Revolution, the legislature was bicameral, but the new constitution removed the upper house. Members of the legislative branch are elected for a 4 year term by popular vote. 

Judiciary

The head of the Judiciary is appointed by the Supreme Leader and in turn the judicial head appoints the head of the Supreme Court and the chief public prosecutor. The Supreme Court and the High Council of the Judiciary comprises of a single head with overlapping responsibilities. Jointly both supervise the enforcement of all laws and are responsible for establishing judicial and legal policies. The other types of Courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court.

It is to be noted that the judiciary of Iran have never been independent of political influence of the country. Another function of the judiciary includes nominating the six members of the Council of Guardians.
Source : 123independence.com

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Continent Wise Classification and Distribution of Local Winds

By Bharat Choudhary -
Image
Local winds are small scale convective winds of local origin caused by temperature differences. Local terrain has a very strong influence on local winds, and the more varied the terrain, the greater the influence. These occur on a small spatial scale, their horizontal dimensions typically several tens to a few hundreds of kilometers. They also tend to be short-lived lasting typically several hours to a day. There are many such winds around the world. Most common local winds are  sea breezes and land breezes, Anabatic and katabatic winds, and Foehn winds. Land Breezes and Sea Breezes:   As the names suggest, the two breezes occur along coastal areas or areas with adjacent large water bodies. Water and land have different heating abilities. Water takes a bit more time to warm up and is able to retain the heat longer than land does. Now let us see the following Diagram - Land Breeze:  It's  a coastal breeze blowing at night from land to s...
Read more

Soil Geography - Zonal, Intrazonal and Azonal Soils (Older System of Classification)

By Bharat Choudhary -
Image
Soil geography deals with the distribution of soils as function of the five recognized soil-forming factors (climate, flora and fauna including Man, relief, parent material, time), either acting singly or in combination. It forms the basis of such concepts as zonality (i.e. the regional distribution of soils in zones), first formulated by Dokuchaev on the basis of climate for European Russia, elaborated upon further by Glinka and Sibirchev, who introduced the zonal, intrazonal and azonal soils approach, taking into account other soil-forming factors than climate. The loose material or the upper layer of the Mantle Rock, t he soil system, is the product of environmental and biological processes in interrelation with climate, vegetation (flora), animals (fauna), underlying rocks, topography and time which affect the biosphere. This is the  Zonal ( Older ) System of Classification .  This system links the distribution of various soil types to the distribution of...
Read more

Is God A Woman?

By Bharat Choudhary -
Image
THE SHAKTI PRINCIPLE Is God A Woman? Shakti literally means power but a different kind of power—the power of beauty, intuition, nurturing, and tenderness. DEEPAK CHOPRA Image Source :   http://www.carolinejariwala.com/ No God is not a woman, but God's feminine face has been ignored for too long. The masculine energies have dominated our culture for centuries and because of that we have become a predatory species. We are the only animal that kills our own kind most frequently in the name of God. The feminine forces of the universe are desperately needed if we have to evolve into our next stage of development.  "The whole universe is a gesture of erotic love and every dancing molecule is moving in longing for an unseen lover." God, being infinite intelligence, cannot be squeezed into the volume of a body or the span of a lifetime. Nor can God be conceived of in human form. Nevertheless, God can be symbolised in masculine and feminine forms. The masculine form needs to be pu...
Read more