Anglo Mysore Wars (1766-99)

By Bharat Choudhary -
The Anglo–Mysore Wars were a series of wars fought in India over the last three decades of the 18th century between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company.

First Anglo Mysore War (1765-1772)

Causes: Both Hyder Ali and British wanted to expand their territories at the cost of each other.

Course Of War: At sudden moment, HyderAli was thundering the gates of Madras. British was yet to prepare.

Treaty: The Treaty of Madras was signed on 1772. In the Treaty, both were to support each other in the case of a third party Intervention.


Second Anglo Mysore War (1780-1784)

Causes: Warren Hasting attacked French port Mahe, which was in Hyder Ali's territory. Hyder Ali led a joint front with Nizam and Marathas and capture Arcot.

Course Of War: In 1781, in the Battle of Porto Nova, Hyder Ali was defeated by British troops commanded by Sir Eyre Coot. In 1782, during course of war, Hyder Ali died due to Cancer. His son Tipu Sultan continued the war.

Treaty: Treaty Of Mangalore was signed in 1784.

 Third Anglo Mysore War (1789-1792)

Tipu Sultan Portrait By MauzaisseCauses: Coming of British Governor General Lord Cornwallis (1786-1792). Lord Cornwallis was defeated by George Washington in battle of York Town during American War of Independence in 1776.

Course Of War: British forces was headed by Governor General Cornwallis himself.  Tipu was defeated and he was forced to sign the Treaty Of Seringapattinam. Carnwallis captured Bangalore.

Treaty: The Treaty of Seringapattinam was signed, giving half of his territory to the British - Dindigul, Malabar and Baramahal (Dharmapuri).


Fourth Anglo Mysore War (1799)

Causes: Revenge of Tipu and rise of Napoleon - Napoleon came to rule in France and his aim was to expand his Kingdom in Egypt and India. To expand  his reign in India, Napoleon thought that Tipu would be the right opportunity. So he maintained good relationship with Tipu. In against Britishers were looking for a chance for attacking Tipu.

Course Of War: When Wellesley (1798-1805) came as  the Governor General, he decided to wage war on Tipu.

Treaty: No treaty was signed as Tipu was defeated and killed. British created a new province called Madras Province in 1799 & governed by Wellesley. Mysore was again restored to Wodeyar Dynasty. They received pension but the British ruled the Kingdom.

(Image: Tipu Sultan's Portrait By Mauzaisse)

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