Mughal Empire & Sur Interregnum (Medieval Indian History)

By Bharat Choudhary -
MUGHAL EMPIRE (1526-1707):
  • Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire was from Turco-Mangol dynasty of Chagtai origin
  • Mughal empire was formed after the 'First Battle of Panipat' (21 April, 1526) where Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi

Famous Rules of Mughal Dynasty: 
  • Babur (1526-1530)
  • Humayun (1530-1556)
  • Akbar (1556-1605)
  • Jahangir (1605-1627)
  • Shahjahan (1627-1658)
  • Aurangzeb (1658-1707)

Famous Battles Fought by Mughal Emperors: 
  1. First Battle of Panipat (1526): Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi
  2. Battle of Khanwa (1527): Babur defeated Rana Sanga
  3. Battle of Chausa (1539): Shershah defeated Humayun
  4. Battle of Bilgram or Kannauj (1540): Shershah defeated Humayun
  5. Second Battle of Panipat (1556): Akbar defeated Hemu
  6. Battle of Haldighati (1576): Akbar defeated Maharana Pratap
SUR INTERREGNUM (1540-1555):

Founded in 1540 by Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545). Sur were from Muslim dynasty of Afgan origin.

Administration
  • Divided empire in 47 Sarkars
  • Sarkar was further divided into Paraganas and with each Pragana consisted of:
    • Shiqdar - Military Officer
    • Amin - Land Revenue Officer
    • Fotedar - Treasurer
    • Karkuns - Accountant
    • Munsif - Judge
  • Formed four ministries for central administration viz.
    • Diwan - i - Wazirat : Finance & Revenue
    • Diwan - i - Ariz : Military Incharge
    • Diwan - i - Rasalat : Foreign Officer
    • Diwan - i - Insha : Communication Officer
Land Revenue System
  • Introduced the 'Patta' and 'Kabuliyat' (Qabuliyat) system of land deeds.
  • Also established the 'per bigha land' (Rai)
  • Levied survey charge of 2.5% (Jaribana) and collection charge of 5% (Muhasilans)
The System of 'Tri-Metalism' was introduced by Sher Shah Suri - 1. Muhr (Gold Coin) 2. Rupya (Silver Coin) and 3. Dam (Copper Coin)
Shershah was killed on 22 May 1945 during the seige of Kalinjar fort of Chandela Rajputs.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Continent Wise Classification and Distribution of Local Winds

By Bharat Choudhary -
Image
Local winds are small scale convective winds of local origin caused by temperature differences. Local terrain has a very strong influence on local winds, and the more varied the terrain, the greater the influence. These occur on a small spatial scale, their horizontal dimensions typically several tens to a few hundreds of kilometers. They also tend to be short-lived lasting typically several hours to a day. There are many such winds around the world. Most common local winds are  sea breezes and land breezes, Anabatic and katabatic winds, and Foehn winds. Land Breezes and Sea Breezes:   As the names suggest, the two breezes occur along coastal areas or areas with adjacent large water bodies. Water and land have different heating abilities. Water takes a bit more time to warm up and is able to retain the heat longer than land does. Now let us see the following Diagram - Land Breeze:  It's  a coastal breeze blowing at night from land to s...
Read more

Soil Geography - Zonal, Intrazonal and Azonal Soils (Older System of Classification)

By Bharat Choudhary -
Image
Soil geography deals with the distribution of soils as function of the five recognized soil-forming factors (climate, flora and fauna including Man, relief, parent material, time), either acting singly or in combination. It forms the basis of such concepts as zonality (i.e. the regional distribution of soils in zones), first formulated by Dokuchaev on the basis of climate for European Russia, elaborated upon further by Glinka and Sibirchev, who introduced the zonal, intrazonal and azonal soils approach, taking into account other soil-forming factors than climate. The loose material or the upper layer of the Mantle Rock, t he soil system, is the product of environmental and biological processes in interrelation with climate, vegetation (flora), animals (fauna), underlying rocks, topography and time which affect the biosphere. This is the  Zonal ( Older ) System of Classification .  This system links the distribution of various soil types to the distribution of...
Read more

Is God A Woman?

By Bharat Choudhary -
Image
THE SHAKTI PRINCIPLE Is God A Woman? Shakti literally means power but a different kind of power—the power of beauty, intuition, nurturing, and tenderness. DEEPAK CHOPRA Image Source :   http://www.carolinejariwala.com/ No God is not a woman, but God's feminine face has been ignored for too long. The masculine energies have dominated our culture for centuries and because of that we have become a predatory species. We are the only animal that kills our own kind most frequently in the name of God. The feminine forces of the universe are desperately needed if we have to evolve into our next stage of development.  "The whole universe is a gesture of erotic love and every dancing molecule is moving in longing for an unseen lover." God, being infinite intelligence, cannot be squeezed into the volume of a body or the span of a lifetime. Nor can God be conceived of in human form. Nevertheless, God can be symbolised in masculine and feminine forms. The masculine form needs to be pu...
Read more