Soil geography deals with the distribution of soils as function of the five recognized soil-forming factors (climate, flora and fauna including Man, relief, parent material, time), either acting singly or in combination. It forms the basis of such concepts as zonality (i.e. the regional distribution of soils in zones), first formulated by Dokuchaev on the basis of climate for European Russia, elaborated upon further by Glinka and Sibirchev, who introduced the zonal, intrazonal and azonal soils approach, taking into account other soil-forming factors than climate. The loose material or the upper layer of the Mantle Rock, t he soil system, is the product of environmental and biological processes in interrelation with climate, vegetation (flora), animals (fauna), underlying rocks, topography and time which affect the biosphere. This is the Zonal ( Older ) System of Classification . This system links the distribution of various soil types to the distribution of climate
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